Regulation
Why EU rules on stablecoins threaten to upend crypto markets – DL News
Opinion article
- MiCA risks leaving the $155 billion stablecoin industry fragmented, warn Hugo Coelho and Mike Ringer.
- This warning comes before new rules come into force at the end of June.
Hugo Coelho is Head of Digital Assets Regulation at the Cambridge Center for Alternative Finance, and Mike Ringer is Partner and Co-Head of the Crypto & Digital Assets Group at CMS. Opinions are their own.
To warn of the impact of looming European regulation on stablecoins, Dante Disparte, head of strategy at stablecoin issuer Circle, sought to distinguish it from a turn-of-the-millennium concept that fell by the wayside in technological folklore.
“MiCA is not crypto’s Y2K moment that can be ignored,” Disparte wrote on June 3 on the social network [are] underway for digital assets in the world’s third-largest economy.
Also known as the “Millennium Bug,” Y2K refers to the problem associated with the turn of the year to the year 2000 that threatened to wreak havoc on computer networks around the world.
Y2K was not a hoax and many efforts were made to avoid its negative consequences. But “the insect did not bite”, as the Washington Post Put it on the next day, and today it’s remembered more for the apocalyptic mood and hysteria surrounding it than anything else.
Disparte’s contrast with what is happening and what could happen to crypto markets when rules for e-money tokens – the legal name for single fiat currency referring to stablecoins in crypto markets regulation – EU assets – will come into force. June 30 is appropriate.
EMTs play essential functions in crypto asset markets.
They make trading cryptocurrencies easy, by being on one side of most trading pairs, they protect investors from volatility and provide collateral that powers decentralized applications.
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Any rules affecting their design or restricting their issuance, offering or trading in a market as large as the EU will undoubtedly have an impact.
So far, crypto markets are not disrupted by MiCA.
According to the Cambridge Digital Money Dashboard, the overall supply of stablecoins stands at more than $155 billion, up from $127 billion in January.
The supply share by issuer remains broadly unchanged, with the two largest stablecoins, USDT and USDC, accounting for over 70% and 20% of the market, respectively.
However, look beyond the statistics and you’ll notice some movement.
Major crypto asset service providers have revealed plans to make changes to their services involving stablecoins in the EU in preparation for the regulation.
OKX acted first, announcing that it would remove USDT from its trading pairs.
Kraken then indicated that he was reviewing his position.
Most recently, Binance announced that it would restrict the availability of unauthorized stablecoins to EU users for certain services, but not initially in spot trading.
“So what might require stablecoins, as we know them, to change about MiCA?”
The inconsistency of responses suggests that there is no common understanding of the implications of the regulation.
Compared to the weeks and days before the end of the millennium, one could say that there are far fewer obvious signs of panic, but almost as much uncertainty.
So what is it about MiCA that might require a change to stablecoins as we know them?
In our view, the main source of disruption will likely be the localization requirements imposed on transmitters.
For issuers trying to comply with the rules, this will be a much more difficult requirement to meet than prudential requirements, including the requirement to hold at least 30% or, in the case of large EMTs, 60% of reserves in bank accounts. and distribute them between different local banks.
And it will deal a more immediate blow than strict limits on the use of dollar-denominated stablecoins within the EU.
These were designed to force the market towards euro-denominated stablecoins, but there is not much evidence of this yet.
Under MiCA, no EMT may be offered to the public in the EU, and no person may apply for admission to trading, unless it is issued by an entity incorporated in the EU and authorized as a credit institution or electronic money institution – notwithstanding that the authorization regime for crypto asset service providers will only come into force on December 30.
Some of its reserves will also need to be located, as described above.
It is unclear how foreign issuers of stablecoins, such as those denominated in dollars, which currently dominate the market, can continue to serve EU customers under such a regime.
In theory, issuers could set up shop in the EU and distribute EU-issued stablecoins to the rest of the world. But this is very unlikely in practice.
MiCA’s strict prudential requirements would put these issuers at a competitive disadvantage in many non-EU markets.
It is also difficult to understand why other countries would not retaliate and require issuers to locate in the same way as the EU, thereby fragmenting the market.
An alternative solution would be to issue the stablecoin from two parallel entities, one in the EU, from which it would serve EU customers, the other from abroad, to serve customers from the rest of the world.
This option, often touted in crypto circles, is fraught with legal and operational complexities that have yet to be convincingly resolved.
There are essentially two challenges to overcome.
The first is to preserve fungibility between two coins issued by two separate entities, subject to different regulatory requirements and insolvency regimes and backed by different asset pools.
The second is to ensure that EU customers only hold coins issued by the EU entity, including through secondary market trading.
Although this problem is more visible and more imminent in the EU than elsewhere, it would be wrong to dismiss it as a European oddity.
Jurisdictions such as Japan, Singapore, and the United Kingdom have also grappled with the question of how to regulate stablecoins globally.
Regulators must have confidence that investors under their supervision have sufficient protection and can redeem their stablecoins at par even in times of crisis, even when the issuer and reserves are kept offshore.
If the history of finance is to be believed, this will only be possible – if ever – when there is sufficient alignment of rules to allow regulatory deference or equivalence and cooperation between supervisors in different jurisdictions. .
Equivalence regimes are more urgent and necessary in the crypto sector than in other sectors due to the borderless or digital nature of many activities.
Paradoxically, they are also further apart due to an embryonic and fragmented regulatory landscape.
For some reason, MiCA is one of the elements of EU financial services regulation that does not have any equivalence regime.
The UK and Singapore also continue to oppose equivalence agreements, and the effectiveness of Japan’s equivalence mechanism remains to be tested.
As a pioneer in crypto regulation, the EU is exposing the conundrum behind the regulation of global stablecoins.
Its heavy-handed approach threatens to dislocate a $155 billion market.
We will soon know whether, for stablecoins in the EU, June 30, 2024 is the new January 1, 2000, or something worse than that.
Regulation
Crypto community gets involved in anti-government protests in Nigeria
Amid the #EndBadGovernanceInNigeria protests in Nigeria, a notable shift is occurring within the country’s cryptocurrency sector. As the general public demands sweeping governance reforms, crypto community leaders are seizing the opportunity to advocate for specific regulatory changes.
Rume Ophi, former secretary of the Blockchain Stakeholders Association of Nigeria (SiBAN), stressed the critical need to integrate crypto-focused demands into the broader agenda of the protests.
Ophi explained the dual benefit of such requirements, noting that proper regulation can spur substantial economic growth by attracting investors and creating job opportunities. Ophi noted, “Including calls for favorable crypto regulations is not just about the crypto community; it’s about leveraging these technologies to foster broader economic prosperity.”
Existing government efforts
In opposition to Ophi’s call for action, Chimezie Chuta, chair of the National Blockchain Policy Steering Committee, presents a different view. He pointed out The Nigerian government continued efforts to nurture the blockchain and cryptocurrency industries.
According to Chuta, the creation of a steering committee was essential to effectively address the needs of the crypto community.
Chuta also highlighted the creation of a subcommittee to harmonize regulations for virtual asset service providers (VASPs). With the aim of streamlining operations and providing clear regulatory direction, the initiative involves cooperation with major organizations including the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). “Our efforts should mitigate the need for protest as substantial progress is being made to address the needs of the crypto industry,” Chuta said.
A united call for support
The ongoing dialogue between the crypto community and government agencies reflects a complex landscape of negotiations and demands for progress.
While actors like Ophi are calling for more direct action and the inclusion of crypto demands in protest agendas, government figures like Chuta are advocating for recognition of the steps already taken.
As protests continue, the crypto community’s push for regulatory reform highlights a crucial aspect of Nigeria’s broader fight to improve governance and economic policies. Both sides agree that favorable regulations are critical to the successful adoption and implementation of blockchain technologies, signaling a potentially transformative era for Nigeria’s economic framework.
Read also : OKX Exchange Exits Nigerian Market Amid Regulatory Crackdown
Regulation
Cryptocurrency Regulations in Slovenia 2024
Slovenia, a small but highly developed European country with a population of 2.1 million, boasts a rich industrial history that has contributed greatly to its strong economy. As the most economically developed Slavic nation, Slovenia has grown steadily since adopting the euro in 2007. Its openness to innovation has been a key factor in its success in the industrial sector, making it a prime destination for cryptocurrency enthusiasts. Many believe that Slovenia is poised to become a powerful fintech hub in Europe. But does its current regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies support such aspirations?
Let’s explore Slovenia’s cryptocurrency regulations and see if they can propel the country to the forefront of the cryptocurrency landscape. My expectations are positive. What are yours? Before we answer, let’s dig a little deeper.
1. Cryptocurrency regulation in Slovenia: an overview
Slovenia is renowned for its innovation-friendly stance, providing a supportive environment for emerging technologies such as blockchain and cryptocurrencies. Under the Payment Services and Systems Act, cryptocurrencies are classified as virtual assets rather than financial or monetary instruments.
The regulation of the cryptocurrency sector in Slovenia is decentralized. Different authorities manage different aspects of the ecosystem. For example, the Bank of Slovenia and the Securities Market Agency oversee cryptocurrency transactions to ensure compliance with financial laws, including anti-money laundering (AML) and terrorist financing regulations. The Slovenian Act on the Prevention of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (ZPPDFT-2) incorporates the EU’s 5th Anti-Money Laundering Directive (5MLD) and aligns with the latest FATF recommendations. All virtual currency service providers must register with the Office of the Republic of Slovenia.
2. Cryptocurrency regulation in Slovenia: what’s new?
Several notable developments have taken place this year in the cryptocurrency sector in Slovenia:
July 25, 2024:Slovenia has issued a €30 million on-chain digital sovereign bond, the first of its kind in the EU, with a yield of 3.65%, maturing on 25 November 2024.
May 14, 2024:NiceHash has announced the first Slovenian Bitcoin-focused conference, NiceHashX, scheduled for November 8-9 in Maribor.
3. Explanation of the tax framework for cryptocurrencies in Slovenia
The Slovenian cryptocurrency tax framework provides clear guidelines for individuals and businesses. According to the Slovenian Financial Administration, the tax treatment depends on the status of the trader and the nature of the transaction.
- People:Income earned from cryptocurrencies through employment or ongoing business activities is subject to personal income tax. However, capital gains from transactions or market fluctuations are exempt from tax.
- Companies:Capital gains from cryptocurrency-related activities are subject to a 19% corporate tax. Value-added tax (VAT) generally applies at a rate of 22%, although cryptocurrency transactions that are considered as means of payment are exempt from VAT. Companies are not allowed to limit payment methods to cryptocurrencies alone. Tokens issued during ICOs must follow standard accounting rules and corporate tax law.
4. Cryptocurrency Mining in Slovenia: What You Need to Know
Cryptocurrency mining is not restricted in Slovenia, but income from mining is considered business income and is therefore taxable. This includes rewards from validating transactions and any additional income from mining operations. Both individuals and legal entities must comply with Slovenian tax regulations.
5. Timeline of the development of cryptocurrency regulation in Slovenia
Here is a timeline highlighting the evolution of cryptocurrency regulations in Slovenia:
- 2013:The Slovenian Financial Administration has issued guidelines stating that income from cryptocurrency transactions should be taxed.
- 2017:The Slovenian Financial Administration has provided more detailed guidelines on cryptocurrency taxation, depending on factors such as the status of the trader and the type of transaction.
- 2023:The EU adopted the Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) Regulation, establishing a uniform regulatory framework for crypto-assets, their issuers and service providers across the EU.
Endnote
Slovenia’s approach to the cryptocurrency sector is commendable, reflecting its optimistic view of the future of cryptocurrencies. The country’s balanced regulatory framework supports cryptocurrency innovation while protecting users’ rights and preventing illegal activities. Recent developments demonstrate Slovenia’s commitment to continually improving its regulatory environment. Slovenia’s cryptocurrency regulatory framework sets a positive example for other nations navigating the evolving cryptocurrency landscape.
Read also : Hong Kong Cryptocurrency Regulations 2024
Regulation
A Blank Sheet for Cryptocurrencies: Kamala Harris’ Regulatory Opportunity
photo by Shubham Dhage on Unsplash
As the cryptocurrency landscape continues to evolve, the need for clear regulation has never been more pressing.
With Vice President Kamala Harris now leading the charge on digital asset regulation in the United States, this represents a unique opportunity to start fresh. This fresh start can foster innovation and protect consumers. It can also pave the way for widespread adoption across industries, including real estate agencies, healthcare providers, and online gaming platforms like these. online casinos ukAccording to experts at SafestCasinoSites, these platforms come with benefits such as bonus offers, a wide selection of games, and various payment methods. Ultimately, all this increase in adoption could propel the cryptocurrency market forward.
With this in mind, let’s look at the current state of cryptocurrency regulation in the United States, a complex and confusing landscape. Multiple agencies, including the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), have overlapping jurisdictions, creating a fragmented regulatory environment. This lack of clarity has stifled innovation as companies are reluctant to invest in the United States, fearing regulatory repercussions. A coherent and clear regulatory framework is urgently needed to realize the full potential of cryptocurrencies in the United States.
While the US struggles to find its footing, other countries, such as Singapore and the UK, are actively looking into the cryptocurrency sector by adopting clear and supportive regulatory frameworks. This has led to a brain drain, with companies choosing to locate in more conducive environments.
Vice President Kamala Harris has a unique opportunity to change that narrative and start over. Regulation of cryptocurrencies. By taking a comprehensive and inclusive approach, it can help create a framework that balances consumer protection with innovation and growth. The time has come for clear and effective regulation of cryptocurrencies in the United States.
Effective regulation of digital assets is essential to foster a safe and innovative environment. The key principles guiding this regulation are clarity, innovation, global cooperation, consumer protection, and flexibility. Clear definitions and guidelines eliminate ambiguity while encouraging experimentation and development to ensure progress. Collaboration with international partners establishes consistent standards, preventing regulatory arbitrage. Strong safeguards protect consumers from fraud and market abuse, and adaptability allows for evolution in response to emerging trends and technologies, striking a balance between innovation and protection.
The benefits of effective cryptocurrency regulation are multiple and far-reaching. By establishing clear guidelines, governments can attract investors and mainstream users, driving growth and adoption. This can, in turn, position countries like the United States as global leaders in fintech and innovation. Strong safeguards will also increase consumer confidence in digital assets and related products, increasing economic activity.
A thriving crypto industry can contribute significantly to GDP and job creation, which has a positive impact on the overall economy. Furthermore, effective regulation has paved the way for the growth of many businesses such as tech startups, online casinos, and pharmaceutical companies, demonstrating that clear guidelines can open up new opportunities without stifling innovation. This is a great example of how regulation can allay fears of regressive policies, even if Kamala Harris does not repeal the current progressive approach. By adopting effective regulation, governments can create fertile ground for the crypto industry to thrive, thereby promoting progress and prosperity.
Regulation
South Korea Imposes New ‘Monitoring’ Fees on Cryptocurrency Exchanges
Big news! The latest regulatory changes in South Korea are expected to impact major cryptocurrency exchanges like Upbit and Bithumb. Under the updated regulations, these platforms will now have to pay monitoring fees, which could cause problems for some exchanges.
Overview of new fees
In the latest move to regulate cryptocurrencies, the Financial Services Commission announced on July 1 the revised “Enforcement Order of the Act on the Establishment of the Financial Services Commission, etc.” update “Regulations on the collection of contributions from financial institutions, etc.” According to local legislation newsThe regulations require virtual asset operators to pay supervisory fees for inspections conducted by the Financial Supervisory Service starting next year. The total fees for the four major exchanges are estimated at around 300 million won, or about $220,000.
Apportionment of costs
Upbit, which holds a dominant market share, is expected to bear more than 90% of the total fee, or about 272 million won ($199,592) based on its operating revenue. Bithumb will pay about 21.14 million won ($155,157), while Coinone and GOPAX will contribute about 6.03 million won ($4,422) and 830,000 won ($608), respectively. Korbit is excluded from this fee due to its lower operating revenue.
Impact on the industry
The supervision fee will function similarly to a quasi-tax for financial institutions subject to inspections by the Financial Supervisory Service. The new law requires any company with a turnover of 3 billion won or more to pay the fee.
In the past, fees for electronic financial companies and P2P investment firms were phased in over three years. However, the taxation of virtual asset operators has been accelerated, reflecting the rapid growth of the cryptocurrency market and increasing regulatory scrutiny.
Industry reactions
The rapid introduction of the fee was unexpected by some industry players, who had expected a delay. Financial Supervisory Service officials justified the decision by citing the creation of the body concerned and the costs already incurred.
While larger exchanges like Upbit and Bithumb can afford the cost, smaller exchanges like Coinone and GOPAX, which are currently operating at a loss, could face an additional financial burden. This is part of a broader trend of declining trading volumes for South Korean exchanges, which have seen a 30% drop since the new law went into effect.
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